Bd:
Kolby JE, Daszak P. 2016. The emerging amphibian fungal disease, chytridiomycosis: a key example of the global phenomenon of wildlife emerging infectious diseases. Microbiol Spectrum 4(3): EI10-0004-2015. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.EI10-0004-2015. (PDF available at: https://www.ecohealthalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/KolbyDaszak_Amphibian-Fungus_2016.pdf)
Skerratt L, Berger L, Speare R, Cashins S, McDonald K, et al. (2007) Spread of Chytridiomycosis Has Caused the Rapid Global Decline and Extinction of Frogs. EcoHealth 4: 125–134.
Kolby JE, Smith KM, Berger L, Karesh WB, Preston A, Pessier AP, et al. (2014) First Evidence of Amphibian Chytrid Fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) and Ranavirus in Hong Kong Amphibian Trade. PLoS ONE 9(3): e90750. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090750
Schloegel LM, Picco A, Kilpatrick AM, Hyatt A, Daszak P (2009) Magnitude of the US trade in amphibians and presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and ranavirus infection in imported North American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). Biological Conservation 142: 1420–1426.
Hyatt AD, Boyle DG, Olsen V, Boyle DB, Berger L, et al. (2007) Diagnostic assays and sampling protocols for the detection of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 73: 175–192.
Kirshtein JD, Anderson CW, Wood JS, Longcore JE, Voytek MA (2007) Quantitative PCR detection of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis DNA from sediments and water. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 77: 11–15.
Bsal:
Martel, A., Spitzen-van der Sluijs, A., Blooi, M., Bert, W., Ducatelle, R., Fisher, M. C., … Pasmans, F. (2013). Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans sp. nov. causes lethal chytridiomycosis in amphibians. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 110, 15325–15329.
Martel, A., Blooi, M., Adriaensen, C., Van Rooij, P., Beukema, W., Fisher, M. C., … Lips, K. R. (2014). Recent introduction of a chytrid fungus endangers Western Palearctic salamanders. Science, 346, 630–631.
Yuan Z, Martel A, Wu J, Van Praet S, Canessa S, Pasmans F. Widespread occurrence of an emerging fungal pathogen in heavily traded Chinese urodelan species. Conserv Lett. 2018;e12436. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12436
Blooi, M., Pasmans, F., Longcore, J. E., Spitzen-van der Sluijs, A., Vercammen, F., & Martel, A. (2014). Duplex real-time PCR for rapid simultaneous detection of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in amphibian samples. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 51, 4173–4177.
Nguyen, T.T., Van Nguyen, T.V., Ziegler, T., Pasman, F., Martel, A. Trade in wild anurans vectors the urodelan pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans into Europe (2018). Amphibia-Reptilia
Ready to help us detect and address chytrid? Think you’ve got a good idea or potential solution that might help tackle this challenge? Then, let’s get to work!
Please share and submit your idea or project here. Challenge Leaders are eager to work with project instigators and develop and apply promising solution ideas. The community will help shape and improve your idea, and the Digital Makerspace can offer tools and exposure to help you get traction.
Your project idea may be eligible for the Con X Tech Prize, a prototyping grant competition run by Conservation X Labs. Check to see if there is an active competition and get started on building your idea!
Onsite detection of chytrid fungus in amphibians
Lighting up fungal frog killer DNA to rapidly detect and eliminate fungal spread, thereby saving frog lives!